History and architecture of the Palácio do Campo das Princesas in Recife

The Campo das Princesas Palace, the seat of government of the state of Pernambuco, was built in 1841, originally in the neoclassical style. Over time, however, the building underwent several reconstructions and extensions, incorporating elements characteristic of architectural eclecticism.

Neoclassicism was a artistic and literary movement that emerged in the mid-18th century in opposition to the dominant styles of the previous period, such as Baroque and Rococo. Inspired by the principles of Greco-Roman architecture, Neoclassicism emphasised order, symmetry and formal harmony. It reached its peak in the 19th century and had a profound influence not only on architecture, but also on other fields such as visual arts, literature and town planning.

In turn, architectural eclecticism emerged in the context of the industrial revolutions that profoundly transformed European and North American societies in the 19th century. The development of new construction techniques and the use of modern materials – such as wrought iron, steel, glass and later laminated glass – allowed experimentation with different architectural languages, resulting in buildings that combined diverse elements in a single aesthetic composition.

The main characteristics of eclectic architecture include

an emphasis on the symmetry of spaces; and
The valorisation of architectural grandeur;
the emphasis on luxury and rich decoration;
Rigidity in the functional definition of internal environments;
The valorisation of proportion and classical order;
the use of imported materials such as iron and glass;
The presence of columns, pediments and ornaments of different styles;
the search for expressiveness, sophistication and visual drama;
the combination of two or more architectural styles in the same work;
the strengthening of the field of interior design as a professional discipline.

In 1859, the palace underwent a major decorative intervention for the official visit of the Emperor Dom Pedro II and his entourage. The current name of the building dates back to this historic moment, in honour of the monarch’s daughters, known as “princesses”.

Later, in 1873, the architectural complex was extended with the construction of a new floor at the rear of the main building, intended for the governor’s residence, as well as two other adjacent buildings intended for the general services of the provincial administration.

Palácio do Campo das Princesas em Recife PE — Campo das Princesas Palace, Recife, PE

Between 1918 and 1922, the most profound structural transformations took place, with the addition of the third floor to the main façade and the demolition of the smaller annexes. Since then, the palace has taken on the volumetric and stylistic configuration that it maintains today, consolidating itself as an important example of Brazilian institutional architecture of eclectic inspiration.

Video about the history of the Campo das Princesas Palace in Recife

História do Palácio do Campo das Princesas em Recife

Architecture of Campo das Princesas Palace

The Campo das Princesas Palace was built in 1841 in neoclassical style, but over time it was rebuilt and extended in eclectic style.

In 1859, the palace was magnificently decorated to house the Emperor Pedro II and his family – the current name of the palace comes from this period, in honour of the Emperor’s daughters.

Pintura de E. Bauch, 1850 com o Palácio do Campo das Princesas à direita e o Teatro Santa Isabel à esquerda, — Painting by E. Bauch, 1850, with the Campo das Princesas Palace on the right and the Santa Isabel Theatre on the left,

After this golden period as an imperial palace, the palace underwent an extension in 1873, when another floor was added at the rear, connected to the main building, to serve as the governor’s residence, and two other separate buildings for general services.

Litografia, 1880 - O Palácio do Campo das Princesas à direita e o Teatro Santa Isabel à esquerda. — Lithograph, 1880 – The Campo das Princesas Palace on the right and the Santa Isabel Theatre on the left.

The greatest changes took place between 1918 and 1922, when the third floor was added to the main façade of the Palácio do Campo das Princesas, where the State Secretariats were installed, and the small annexes that had been built earlier were demolished to make way for a garden park.